Time As A Determinate Of Final Product In A Dehydration Reaction Essay

Time As A Determinate Of Final Product In A Dehydration Reaction Time as a Determinate of Final Product in a Dehydration Reaction Robert Simack, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska. Abstract: This study involved acid dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol. The results varied depending on the time elapsed after initial reaction. I attempted to prove the Evelyn Effect, which stated that over a period of time the products of the aforementioned reaction will beobserved to change volume so that those products formed by a cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will form first. However, once all molecules in the cis isomer undergo reaction the remaining trans configured 2-methylcyclohexanols will proliferate during the latter period of the reaction. I also postulated as to the possible formulation of 1-ethylcyclopentene, and to the cause of such an event. Introduction: After researching acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions (McMurray) and background on the Evelyn Effect (Clausen) I hypothesize that the cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will react via an E1 type process forming 1-methylcyclohexene according to predictions from Zaitzev's rule (Lehman). This should be due to the fact that the cis isomer has 2 anti-coplanar hydrogens. These two hydrogens should make the molecule more reactive. The trans isomer, with only one anti-coplanar hydrogen, should be slower to react and will form a 3-methylcyclohexene. In addition the 1-ethylcyclopentene will be formed from both the cis and trans isomers but only if the hydroxyl group is in an equatorial position. In that position electrons from the ring may attack the alcohol directly from behind pushing it off the ring and forming a five-membered ring instead. Results the ratio was roughly 6:1 trans/cis. Finally, in the spectra of the third fraction the cis isomer was absolutely imperceptible while the integration of trans was nearly twice that of the integration from fraction one. These spectra show that cis reacted first and was quickly consumed by the reaction leaving trans isomers to finish the reaction. Because it is known that the reaction with cis starting material caused both 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene I postulated that the foremost product of the latter stages of the reaction must be 3-methylcyclohexene, which is the sole product of the trans reaction (McMurray, chap. 11.12). In addition to the cis and trans peaks the peaks for both 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene could be found on the spectra at 5.7 and 5.4 respectively. The NMR showed that the integration of 1-methylcyclohexene dropped only slightly throughout the reaction while the integration of 3-methylcyclohexene increased nearly tenfold. The fi ndings from the spectra prove the hypothesis that the cis reaction will go the fastest followed by the trans because as the cis is consumed it's peak at 3.79 will decrease as well as the peak for 1-methylcyclohexene due to termination of that products formation. Also, peaks for 1-ethylcyclopentene begin to show in the spectra for the second fraction and increase in size (area beneath the peak) by the spectra of the third fraction. At the root of this phenomena is steric hinderance. Both the cis and trans isomers will form 1-ethylcyclopentene (fig. 1). However, because of steric hinderance the trans isomer is favored to form the 1-ethylcyclopentene. This fact will explain why more of the pentene shows up in the third fraction. Finally, a tiny peak showed at 4.6 in every fraction's spectra indicating the presence of methylenecyclohexane. This product formed from the original product by acid catalyst. Experimental: An apparatus was constructed with a round bottom flask topped by a claisen adaptor in which

Free Essays on Our Secret

Analysis of â€Å"Our Secret† by Isabel Allende In her short story â€Å"Our Secret,† Allende writes about a man and a woman who meet one day and spend the entire day together. They go back to the woman’s house and they begin to make love. He is unable to go through with it because of nightmares and hallucinations. He tries to make love to her, but feels himself losing it. They stop for a moment and lay side by side. Even though they had spent their lives their country, it says they will forever be foreigners and it is not exactly known what that means. He wants to leave before his nightmares consume him, but he stays because of his desire for her friendship. He sees her as innocent and defenseless, and wants to help her keep fear away. Fear is something he is unable to keep away. He then talks about a â€Å"warm, tender feeling, an enormous compassion for himself and for her, made his eyes sting† (pg 185). This feeling hurts or stings him because maybe it reminds him of a feeling he used to have fo r someone else. When the woman gets up to shut the curtain, he asks her to leave it open because he wants to look at her. In actuality he just can’t take the dark because it reminds him of his imprisonment and torture. He can’t tell her these things because he’s never shared them with anyone and it’s a wound that lies deep inside him. He then starts experiencing his nightmares of his imprisonment, and the â€Å"assault of so many ghosts† (pg 185). The ghosts still haunt him today apparently, and as the girl touches him he starts to lose it and hallucinate. He tries to hold on to reality but starts to feel the straps around his wrists and ankles and sees the other prisoners around him. He thinks about the screams of Ana, and since she is the only prisoner he mentions by name, we can tell she is significant in some way. When the woman he is with tries to talk to him, all he can hear is Ana’s voice. He cries in t... Free Essays on Our Secret Free Essays on Our Secret Analysis of â€Å"Our Secret† by Isabel Allende In her short story â€Å"Our Secret,† Allende writes about a man and a woman who meet one day and spend the entire day together. They go back to the woman’s house and they begin to make love. He is unable to go through with it because of nightmares and hallucinations. He tries to make love to her, but feels himself losing it. They stop for a moment and lay side by side. Even though they had spent their lives their country, it says they will forever be foreigners and it is not exactly known what that means. He wants to leave before his nightmares consume him, but he stays because of his desire for her friendship. He sees her as innocent and defenseless, and wants to help her keep fear away. Fear is something he is unable to keep away. He then talks about a â€Å"warm, tender feeling, an enormous compassion for himself and for her, made his eyes sting† (pg 185). This feeling hurts or stings him because maybe it reminds him of a feeling he used to have fo r someone else. When the woman gets up to shut the curtain, he asks her to leave it open because he wants to look at her. In actuality he just can’t take the dark because it reminds him of his imprisonment and torture. He can’t tell her these things because he’s never shared them with anyone and it’s a wound that lies deep inside him. He then starts experiencing his nightmares of his imprisonment, and the â€Å"assault of so many ghosts† (pg 185). The ghosts still haunt him today apparently, and as the girl touches him he starts to lose it and hallucinate. He tries to hold on to reality but starts to feel the straps around his wrists and ankles and sees the other prisoners around him. He thinks about the screams of Ana, and since she is the only prisoner he mentions by name, we can tell she is significant in some way. When the woman he is with tries to talk to him, all he can hear is Ana’s voice. He cries in t...

Discuss and evaluate the Nixon administration in terms of its foreign Assignment

Discuss and evaluate the Nixon administration in terms of its foreign and domestic policies - Assignment Example es included negotiation with China to reduce commitments of manpower to foreign nations, detente with the Soviet Union to negotiate peacefully, limit weapon trade between the U.S. and USSR, minimize public support for the war, and have peace through honor with the Vietnam (Tindel & Shi 1167). In 1970s, President Nixon decided to lower the prices of goods in order to achieve economic efficiency and lower the inflation rate that was high at 4.7% (Tindel & Shi 1119). He argued that lowering the prices of goods creates less supply and increase demand, thus creating shortages (Tindel & Shi 1119). A significant number of economists supported Nixon’s price control policy and argued that lowering prices of goods is a more efficient strategy in solving relatively mild inflation. Nixon’s primary target was to trim down the inflation rate by doing everything possible to stop the Korean War and Vietnamese war in which the U.S. was involved in (Tindel & Shi

Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Activity - Essay Example With the aim of finding new opportunities, the organization has to expand their line of business to meet customers’ demands, hence shun recurrent complains. To avoid failing of the business as well as ensuring adequate meeting of client’s demands, it entails the firm to apply appropriately marketing mix. Under product marketing mix, the organization will consider its 4Ps with the intention of applying it effectively with the intention of attaining high aggressive edge (Czinkota, Ilkka &Michael 57). The firm ought to expand its line of products by embarking on producing clothes other than games skits including supplying even hospitals with customized lab coats, patients’ attires as well as those of nurses. When setting the prices for the goods, it must know the reference value and set prices that are not costly compared to other firms supplying similar goods. Since the company will be supplying its merchandises in large quantities, it ought to sell them in wholesale terms including prices in order to retain and please its pool of clientele or segment. When it comes to promotion of the product, the company must get involved in things like exhibitions and trade fairs whereby it can adequately showcase the quality and range of goods. Placement in this case will entail the company to choose carefully the region or area easily accessible by not only clients but also other suppliers wishing to embrace the role of supplying. Under service marketing mix, the 3Ps, there must be physical evidence for the delivery of goods, which is either packaged or a signed delivery note (Czinkota, Ilkka , & Michael 57). The people who deliver the goods must do it in time besides products meeting all the requirements that were in the order (Czinkota, Ilkka & Michael 57). The processes of supplying goods or any other service that the customers need should be effective, which in turn will result to building

Literature Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Literature Review - Assignment Example Additionally, the human resource department of any organisation plays a critical role and function in ensuring that the output and productivity of that firm or organisation is on course. HCT as an organisation or a school also has an obligation and duty to ensure that it hires the best talent and skills in the industry to help in achieving the intended outcome. This research also looks into the issues and aspects of how best the HCT as an organisation or school could use the human resource management to continue to give excellence and service delivery not only to the students but the society as a whole. At the end, the students and the whole society of UAE would benefit by receiving the solutions that the HCT as an organisation would give. In principle, it is important and critical to note and mention that the study also aims at devising the ways and modes or approaches of developing a proper working relationship between the students, professors and the whole staff of HCT in the United Arabs Emirates (Sester, Giehl, McNerney, Kampmann, Walzl, Cuchà ­ & Meyerhans, 2010). Tentatively, it goes without saying or mentioning that the end goal and objective of HCT as an organisation would be to attract more students by producing excellence and good performance. This is to mention that continued academic achievements and excellence would be balan ced and coupled with continued growth in the student population by the students in the United Arab Emirates. From the outset, the tone and inclination of this source articulates the changing global patterns and trends by the world as a whole. This is to say that the article appreciates that the world or the global actors in the realm and aspects of business have embraced and continue to pursue new approaches in the area of human resource management. In the past, the societies pursued traditional measures where the human resource management. It also focuses mainly in the

Communication Practices at Abellio ScotRail

Communication Practices at Abellio ScotRail Aim To investigate and establish the impact of internal communication practices on employee engagement and performance at Abellio ScotRail Ltd. Objectives In order to achieve the above aim, the below research objectives have equally been set out as: To critically review the literature on both concepts to enhance the understanding of the concepts and associated theories, and their interaction by exploring the meaning and drivers of employee engagement, as well as internal communications meaning and role as a vehicle to support organisation performance. To adopt a case study strategy, this will facilitate the collection and analysis of both primary and secondary information necessary for the baseline of this research. To critically examine the existing internal communication policy, and practices at Abellio ScotRail Ltd and their contribution to employee engagement. To critically analyse employees and managers perspectives of internal communication and employee engagement at Abellio ScotRail Ltd. To present and then discuss primary research findings through comparison with the literature to date. To draw conclusions from primary and secondary research before providing recommendations where appropriate. Literature Review Employee engagement is recognised as an important factor affecting organisational effectiveness, innovation, and competitiveness (Goodman et al, 2009). Consequently, several authors and professionals have made an empirical contribution towards establishing an explicit meaning and understanding of the concept, however, there are many definitions of the employee engagement as there are authors without any consensus on the subject. This paper aims to make a brief contribution by considering the role of communication in enhancing employee engagement. Goodman et al, (2009) research study identified employee engagement as one of the three top trends facing organisations and the term has its roots more in an academic exercise. Given a global leadership concern about employee engagement, human resources and communication professionals involved in internal communication management need an in-depth understanding of the concept so that they can develop strategies and tactics which would contrib ute to building engagement in the workplace. Additionally, internal communication has been suggested to be an important factor in the development of employment engagement. This study now intends to tackle the gap in the literature with a proposed model of the role of internal corporate communication in enhancing employee engagement. This section intends to firstly provide an overview of the evolution of the employee engagement concept, discussing definitional approaches, and highlighting components of engagement. Secondly, it discusses issues arising from the review concerning the nature of the concept, including its relationship with overlapping and related constructs such as commitment and motivation; and finally, it develops a corporate communication perspective of employee engagement. The Development of employee engagement Analysis of employee engagement literature has enabled the identification of stages in the development of the employee engagement concept, conceptualised here as a series of waves. Wave 1 (1990-1999) The wave begins in the 1990s with academic work on personal engagement been led by Kahn. His work has a significant impact without the direct use of employee engagement as concept in his qualitative research nevertheless, by using personal work engagement, he defined it as the harnessing of organisational members selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performance Kahn, (1990 p. 694) He further postulate the necessity of three psychological engagement conditions for an employee to engage themselves in their work role performance. Wave 2 (2000-2005) This second wave is characterised by professional consultancy firms that associated high engagement to increase corporate performance. Harter et al. (2003); Harter and Schmidt, (2008) made a report to Gallup Workplace Audit (GWA) questionnaire designed to measure series of elements that are called employee engagement. Consequently, they define employee engagement as a combination of cognitive and emotional antecedent variables in a work environment. Wave 3 (2006-2010) Taking the lead in the third wave of employee engagement work, Saks (2006) regards employee engagement as a concept more rooted in practitioner literature than academic literature. He is in agreement with Kahns view of employee engagement been consists of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components. Equally in this league is the work of professional body such as the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD, 2006) as well as Bakker and Leiter, (2010) published work that throws more light on work engagement as it was then called William A. Kahn (1990) regard the concept of engagement in a workplace as the harnessing of organisational members selves to their work roles in his research study through which he identified three dimensions of engagement as emotional, physical and cognitive. Kahn (1990) developed the concepts of personal engagement and disengagement which are used in describing the behaviours by which people bring in or leave out their personal selves during work role performances. He defined personal engagement as the harnessing of organisation members selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances. Personal disengagement was defined as the extrication of oneself from work roles; that is, people pull out and shield themselves physically, cognitively, or emotionally during work role performances. Kahn (1990, 1992), stated that employees can be engaged on one dimension and not the other. But, the more an employee is engaged on each dimension, the higher his personal engagement. In consequence of this, Kahn concentrated on the emotional, cognitive and physical aspect of engagement in his research study. In the work of Macey and Schneider (2008) engagement is defined along the line of the psychological state, trait, and behavioural engagement which is characterized by feelings of passion, energy, enthusiasm, and activation. Behavioural engagement is described as an adaptive behaviour; Trait engagement as a number of interconnected personalities while attributes relate to state engagement whether directly or indirectly to behavioural engagement. A different definition of employee engagement stems from the positive psychology champion by Maslach and Jackson (1981) with its centre of attention on the positive as against the negative aspects of work described as a burnout. They conducted a research on employee burnout and developed what is now known as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). According to Maslach and Jackson (1981), burnout is a psychological condition that ensues from persistent interpersonal relations at work. In addition, Schaufeli and Bakker (2004) in their view regard engagement as the exact positive diametric of workplace burnout. This is a reversal model score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory measurement of engagement, Maslach, et al, (2001). This indicated a low score on job fatigue and a high score on professional efficiency are indicators of engagement. Furthermore, Theresa M. Welbourne (2007) defined engagement in relation to the behaviour of the managers when she posits that engaged employees are those that work and prosper in the noncore job roles using a performance model she developed. The model identified six major roles that employees engage at work. These are (i) Core job-holder role, (ii) Entrepreneur/ innovator role, (iii) coming up with new ideas, participating in others innovations, (iv) Team member role, (v) Career role, and (vi) Organizational member role or citizenship role. Going by Saks, (2006) term, employee engagement is job and organisation engagements which are related but distinct constructs. They attributed the rationale for Employee engagement to Social exchange theory explaining that employees will choose to engage themselves to varying degrees and in response to the resources they receive from their organization. The two most dominant roles for most organizational members are their work role and their role as a member of an organization. In the opinion of Robinson et al (2004) employee engagement is an inspirational disposition held by the employee towards the organisation and its values. Gallup, as reported by Dernovsek (2008), compares employee engagement to the employees positive emotional sentimental attachment and commitment to the organisation. The CIPD (2016) recognises employee communication, better known as internal communication, as an essential part of the business and the HR function. It continues that effective internal communication is important for developing trust within an organisation and it is shown to have a significant impact on employee engagement, organisational culture and, ultimately, productivity (CIPD, 2016). This collaborates Boynton and Mishras (2014) earlier research study that examined the role of communication in the public relations (PR) industry and suggested that internal communication can play an important role in building trust and behaviour as shown by public relations professionals in the industry.

Medieval versus Renaissance Eras :: Compare Contrast History Art Essays

Medieval and Renaissance Eras   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is amazing how significantly various aspects of society can and will change over a prolonged period of time. Between the time periods of the Medieval era and the Renaissance, one can note numerous significant changes, mainly those pertaining to art and religion. In general, ideals and subjects during the Renaissance became more secular. In Medieval times, people seemed to focus mainly on the church, God, and the afterlife; during the Renaissance, the focus was more secular: humans and life on earth. Although these two eras differ in many ways, the most concentrated differences deal with the realms of architecture, painting, and philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Architecture noticeably shifted from religious awe to classical reason between the Medieval era and the Renaissance. During the Middle Ages, architecture was aimed mainly at making advancements in the church. Medieval cathedrals had very distinct features, such as pointed spires, which were exactly that -- spires, or steeples, that were pointed and extended upward from the tower area; the rose window, which was a large stained glass window that was located on the front of the tower; and squared-off exterior walls, which were a contrast to the usual rounded exterior designs that people were accustomed to. Overall, cathedrals during this time could have very elegant features due to the excellent techniques of support and stabilization. Buttresses, simple extensions of the cathedral wall to enhance support, and flying buttresses, stone structures set away from the cathedral wall and attached at the top, contributed to the excellent support that Medieval cathedrals experienced. While architectural advancements during the Middle Ages were concerned mainly with making elegant reformations in the structure of the cathedral, architecture during the Renaissance was much less religion- centered, and revolved more around classical reason and secularity. Architecture in this time was concentrated mostly with the design of castles, such as the home of the prevailing Italian Medici family, perhaps the richest family in Europe. Architectural focus had changed from the cathedral in the Medieval era to other, more classical and secular subjects, such as castles and homes of significant rulers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The style, subjects, and overall attitude of painting was something that underwent very significant changes during the progression from Medieval times to the Renaissance. Generally, paintings became more secular, and less focused on aspects of the church, as the Renaissance approached. Medieval paintings seem to be focused almost entirely on religion and are given heavenly attributes, while paintings of the Renaissance consist mainly of secular subjects and contain much more realism, especially noted in human subjects. In Giotto's Madonna With Child, a Medieval painting, any observer will obviously notice that the child and woman are very awkwardly proportioned, indicating the

Police culture

Police Culture Number 8 powerpoint (Definition)The knowledge, attitudes, expectations, behaviours and rituals that exist amongst police, or which more broadly, characterize a police force. Police Culture affects: how police see themselves and their role as police how they see the world around them, how they police (how policing is performed). Differences exist within and between police cultures. Police officers, as individuals, will not all equally adopt or adhere to the dominant police culture. Police culture cannot be divorced from the social, political, economic, legal and organizational context of policing. Police cultures can change.Police Culture: Characteristics Sense of Mission: the thin blue line' A crucial, dangerous but thankless Job ,Not Just a Job, but a way of life0 Policing thought of as protecting the weak from the strong (not at all political, relating to power within society). o ‘Us versus them' mentality evident Law enforcers and law abiders versus law breake rs Action Orientated: ‘Real Policing' Emphasis on ‘real policing as that which occurs in the public sphere and which involves dangerous or potentially dangerous situations and confrontations. ?(ie. responding to reports of rime, raids, shoot outs, car pursuits and so on).Greatest status attached to Homicide Squads and Tactical Response Units. Cynicism and Pragmatism Required to obey law, yet see law as limiting and naive Must go beyond the law, to do their Job and get results. Favour expedience over due process These characteristics of police culture have been related to various negative behaviours: Unlawful detentiono- The improper use of force0- Breaches of proper interview processes – Corruptiono- Dismissal of some crimes/victimso- Commission of some offences Isolation and Solidarity Feel different from other people based on work and work-related xperiences.Sense of isolation intensified by problems socializing with non-police due to others reactions, difficult ies turning off, shift work. Closest bonds forged with other police Very loyal to, and protective of, other officers MasculinistDominance of masculinist perspectives and practices. Reiner has described police culture as an ‘old – Ofashioned world of machismo'. ‘Real policing' associated with confrontation, physical strength, danger Male-dominated composition of police forces has contributed to this. Racism Widely documented evidence of suspicion, hostility and rejudice in police dealings with racial and ethnic minorities.Evidenced in well- known instances (ie. Rodney King) through to everyday policing practices. Once again partly attributable to historical composition of police forces. Also relates to their role acting on behalf of states to administer racially- Obased laws and policies (segregation, removal of indigenous children). 7. Conservatismo Social and politically conservative. Emphasis upon maintaining the status quo. Once again, partly a consequence of h istorical composition and role of police Approaches to policing and the community Number 9 Traditional Policing- (as developed with rise of modern police forces).Community Policing (developed over past 30, largely in response to concerns raised over the methods and outcomes ot traditional policing. ) Traditional Policing: Police seen as separate from the community ,Role of the police is to respond to crime. ,Police effectiveness is measured by changes in crime rates and arrest rates. Concerned primarily with the policing of public sphere, rather than private sphere. Use of force is viewed as legitimate and necessary to Opreservation of order – militarization of police over past 40 y ears with rise of law and order.Community Policing The development of community policing was based upon recognition that a lack of familiarity and respect between police and specific communities sometimes resulted in negative and repressive policing practices being used, and the fostering of mutua l suspicion and antagonism between police and communities. Young people? gays and lesbians, indigenous people, ethnic and racial minorities recognized as particularly affected. What is Community Policing? No universally accepted definition of community policing.As an approach to policing, it can best be described as onsisting of a broad range of strategies designed to improve policing by connecting police more closely to local communities and supporting relationships. Includes programs such as: 0 Neighbourhood Watch 0 Crime Stoppers00 Blue-light Discos School Education Programs Development of specific community policing units The appointment of Liaison Officers (such as: YLOs /0MLOs ) and committees involving police and community members . Formalised relationships with other community agencies0(for example, sexual assault and domestic violence services, ambulance services, welfare service).Reform of procedures for dealing with some types of ffences – SOCIT (Secual Offences an d Child Abuse Investigation Teams Increased police presence, visibility and availability (for example, police on bicycles, shop fronts) Use of media to involve public in policing and crime prevention Police organising and hosting activities and programs – particularly for young people (such as the Ropes Program) Police learning and demonstrating the ‘art of negotiation' with difficult groups Police taking a more gentle/balanced approach to policing Community Policing Compared to the traditional approach to policing, community policing Aims to be more pro-active and pre-emptive. More concerned with peacekeeping and conflict resolution than crime fighting0 Based on complexities of local context and on building relationships Envisages police as part of the community and as needing to be responsive and answerable to it. Police Culture Police Culture in the United States Team B: Sean Milton, Shane Hunter, Joshua Nine, Tim Eichler, and Jason Fougere CJA/214 November 20, 2012 Bernard Fitchpatrick Needs to be 1,050-1400 words Police Culture in the United States Analyze police culture, including the significance of stress in policing The study in police culture started in 1960 and the 1970’s by the work of Cain and Banton in the United Kingdom and Skolnick and Westlesy in the United States.Even though the study work wasn’t specifically concerned with police culture but rather sociological analysis of police officer and police work, it provided a wealth of material through the observation and analysis that was then later used to help formulate the theories of police culture. The characteristics of police culture have tended to remain static since the early days when first police researching program started. The literature on the police culture remained uncontenious for many years.Once the research started the results were rarely challenged and it is in only recent years that anyone has begun to see a body of work that is questioning these ‘core assumptions’ (Chan, 1997) about policing that has emanated from a culture analysis. It makes the police more then rather than less human than they have and reproduce their own culture. The police officer job is a very stressful job in many aspects, the occupational stressors as a cop rank most highly within the population were not specific to policing.The organization issues such as the demands of work impinging upon the life at home, lack of consultation and communication, the lack of control over workload, and the support and excess workload in general. The most recent study confirms previous findings of organization culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree that symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officer proven by research.Analyze the culture for women and ethnic minorities in policing and how they can achieve equality in law enforcement Describe the internal and external mechanisms that control police discretion Conclusion * References * Grant, H. B. & Terry, K. J. 2012. Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall. * Walker, S. & Katz, C. M. 2011. The Police in America: An Introduction, 7th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. * University of Phoenix. (2011). CJ Interactive [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA214 website. * * * * Police Culture Police Culture in the United States Team B: Sean Milton, Shane Hunter, Joshua Nine, Tim Eichler, and Jason Fougere CJA/214 November 20, 2012 Bernard Fitchpatrick Needs to be 1,050-1400 words Police Culture in the United States Analyze police culture, including the significance of stress in policing The study in police culture started in 1960 and the 1970’s by the work of Cain and Banton in the United Kingdom and Skolnick and Westlesy in the United States.Even though the study work wasn’t specifically concerned with police culture but rather sociological analysis of police officer and police work, it provided a wealth of material through the observation and analysis that was then later used to help formulate the theories of police culture. The characteristics of police culture have tended to remain static since the early days when first police researching program started. The literature on the police culture remained uncontenious for many years.Once the research started the results were rarely challenged and it is in only recent years that anyone has begun to see a body of work that is questioning these ‘core assumptions’ (Chan, 1997) about policing that has emanated from a culture analysis. It makes the police more then rather than less human than they have and reproduce their own culture. The police officer job is a very stressful job in many aspects, the occupational stressors as a cop rank most highly within the population were not specific to policing.The organization issues such as the demands of work impinging upon the life at home, lack of consultation and communication, the lack of control over workload, and the support and excess workload in general. The most recent study confirms previous findings of organization culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree that symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officer proven by research.Analyze the culture for women and ethnic minorities in policing and how they can achieve equality in law enforcement Describe the internal and external mechanisms that control police discretion Conclusion * References * Grant, H. B. & Terry, K. J. 2012. Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall. * Walker, S. & Katz, C. M. 2011. The Police in America: An Introduction, 7th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. * University of Phoenix. (2011). CJ Interactive [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA214 website. * * * *

20 Essay Topics About a Teacher Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today

20 Essay Topics About a Teacher Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today The first thing a student should take care of when dealing with academic writing is choosing a proper topic.   An essay on a teacher seems to be an easy task for a student but it’s not as easy as it may appear. The main thing is not just to present the information but to understand what it means to be a teacher in the contemporary world. That will help a student choose a captivating topic to reflect it in the paper. 20 Topics to Focus on We offer 20 interesting topics that will help each student write both objective and subjective papers. Pros and Cons of the Authoritative Way of Teaching What Is More Effective: to Teach in the Class or to Teach via Skype? Can a Robot with the Artificial Intelligence Replace a Teacher? A â€Å"Good† Teacher: the Evolution of the Requirements to a Teacher During Last 50 Years Teachers Educate People. Why do IT-specialists Earn More than an Average Teacher Then? Can Self-Learning Modules Substitute a Real Teacher? What Teaching Method Is More Effective Today: Authoritative, Liberal or Democratic? Who Is Considered to Be a Better Teacher: a Man or a Woman? May a Teacher Make Mistakes? What Can the Government Do to Improve the Working Conditions for a Teacher? The Difference between Teachers Who Work in the Third-World Countries and in the Developing Countries Is There Any Difference between a Teacher Who Works at a Traditional Public School and a Teacher Who Works in a Private School? Village Schooling vs. City Schooling: What Teachers Supply Their Students with Better Knowledge Can Teacher’s Style and Look Affect the Teaching Process and Students’ Learning Achievements in a Negative Way? May Teachers and Students Become Friends or Should There Be a Certain Distance between Them? Is Exchange Teaching Effective? How Does a Teacher Benefit When Teaching Abroad? The Role of Missionary Teachers in the Development of Education in the Cities of Central Africa A Teacher Is Going to Be Replaced by His or Her Virtual Hologram. In What Way Can a Tutor Control the Discipline in the Class and Students’ Learning Achievements? What Temperament Suits a Perfect Teacher? (phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic, sanguine person) What Traits of Character Should a Good Teacher Possess Today? A student should think of the urgent problem, create a captivating title, and present the solution in the essay that will be supported by strong facts. Essay Sample on a Teacher: Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today? Everybody can agree that teaching is a vocation but not a job. You can hardly find a person who wants to be a teacher and hates children. That’s nonsense! Teaching requires too much time because a person works at the school and then gets ready for the lessons (writing plans, searching for information, checking papers, etc.) at home. So, one can state that teachers never rest. That’s why if people don’t consider tutoring to be their cup of tea, it’s better to avoid this profession any way possible. Why is it so hard to be a good teacher today? There are several reasons. First of all, a teacher needs a good education. Still, there are exchange programs which let a non-qualified person work at a school for some period in the USA, Ukraine, and a number of other countries. Such a person doesn’t earn much, though. Those who are qualified teachers have more options. They have opportunities to get a job at a private tutoring, private, and language schools. Sometimes, education means nothing without practice. Students have to pass exams at the end of the study, then undergo two years of practice and then pass an exam again in Germany. Future teachers suffer because in comparison to other countries their salaries are rather high (â‚ ¬3500 when an average salary is â‚ ¬2500) in Germany. Due to that, they can travel and live comfortably. Teachers in other countries cannot boast of having such an income. For example, a Ukrainian or a Russian teacher with minimum experience can hardly pay bills, to say nothing about proper clothing and medical insurance. A person should work at least 15-20 years to get an adequate salary. That’s why too many teachers move abroad in order to supply their families or to find better living conditions. The next thing that prevents people from becoming a teacher is the school itself. Today, not all schools are supplied with proper equipment to use in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Physical Education, etc. For instance, it’s really hard to practice listening comprehension without a laptop or any other device (Smartboard, tablets, etc.). A teacher of Physics or Chemistry will have problems when explaining different chemical or physical processes without the required equipment (flasks, chemicals, amperemeter, and others). Finally, it’s really hard to motivate pupils and surprise them. Today everyone can watch different videos, listen to various audio-materials, and read a number of articles (or even download them) to learn sciences and languages absolutely free.   That’s why a teacher should prove that his or her assistance is necessary. In addition, a teacher has to show something new and interesting to children in order to make them study and long for knowledge. So, one may conclude that teaching does really need a person who can devote most of the time and efforts to shape someone’s life. In-born teachers should feel satisfaction from the job they do. It’s such a good feeling to see how children who couldn’t say a word in French sing a French song and stage a play at the end of the term. Teachers, who follow their vocation, like to conduct lessons and to spend much time with their students. Teachers should understand that they don’t just supply kids with knowledge on some subject. They educate and inspire an individual. They bring them up and often are treated as an icon of perfectness. Students often want to look, sound, move, and speak like their teachers. So, if you don’t like children and are not ready to deal with self-improvement daily, you’d better not enter a pedagogical university. References: CAZ (2018). How to Teach around the World. https://www.ytravelblog.com/how-to-teach-around-the-world/ Education Degree. 2017 Outlook for Teaching Salaries around the World. https://www.educationdegree.com/articles/teaching-salaries-around-the-world Teacher’s Blog: the Guardians. How Teachers Are Rated in 21 Countries around the World. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2013/oct/03/teachers-rated-worldwide-global-survey The International Massmedia Agency (2017). Portrait of the Ukrainian teacher: woman over 40 with a salary of 7000 UAH.   https://intmassmedia.com/2017/10/01/portrait-of-the-ukrainian-teacher-woman-over-40-with-a-salary-of-7000-uah/ L. Garfield and S. Gal. The Best and Worst Countries to Be a Teacher, Based on Salary. https://www.businessinsider.com/teacher-salaries-by-country-2017-5 Teaching Certification. German Teacher Certification. teaching-certification.com/german-teacher-certification.html Global Citizen. 10 Barriers to Education Around the World. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/10-barriers-to-education-around-the-world-2/

Music

Music Film Showing in EnglishThe Book ThiefGifted HandsLike Stars On EarthSubmitted by: Siojo, Louisa Mae S.Section: NS1-o1Book ThiefSummaryThe Book Thief is narrated by Death, who tells a story of a ten years old girl named Liesel Meminger. It's January 1939, Liesel, her mother and his brother Werner are being taken to the small town of Molching, just outside of Munich, Germany, to live with foster parents Hans and Rosa Hubermann. Werner died in the train f mysterious causes having to do with poverty, hunger, cold, and lack of medical treatment. Her mother buries the boy in a cemetery by the tracks and Liesel picks up a book, "The Gravediggers Handbook", which was fell from a young grave diggers coat on the grave of her brother and brings it with her. When she arrived to her new home Liesel is reluctant to enter the Hubermann house on Himmel Street, but is coaxed by her foster father, Hans, to whom she takes an immediate liking.The Band ConcertWe meet five days a week, and play five days a week. Being a member of the Concert Band is not only a great opportunity to practice the wonderful collection of songs we play, but is always fun. Some of my best friends I know are people that I met through the band and they are ones I have been playing since elementary school. It feels nice to know that it is possible to be with your friends every day doing something you all share a passion for. I can come into the class confidently that I will always have a great time with exceptional instruction. Our band director, Mrs. Bollaro, is there every day to help us master our music. Not only does she provide great tips to all of us, we...

International finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International finance - Essay Example In fact, the creation of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) as well as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), had both been the consequences of the conference. The innate characteristics of the conference had been – Firstly, the conference stressed upon the fixation of upper and lower limits for the exchange rates of any domestic currency. Such a system would help in reducing possibilities of financial distress owing to fluctuations in the rate of exchange. The upper and lower limits of the rate of exchange are on the other hand, made the domain of the national government with regard to their respective current account positions. To be precise, the domestic governments were allowed to make adjustments to up to 10% below or above the pegged rates of exchange. The domestic currency of any nation was made completely convertible with any other currency to ease foreign trade. Lastly, all nations were made members to the International Monetary Fund so as to make the latter’s task easier to conduct at times when a financial crisis takes place. The system collapsed during 1970s, though that did not mean that the whole world converted itself into a system of floating exchange rates. For instance, the nations underlying European Union follow a fixed exchange rate regime where they maintain a fixed rate of exchange with the Euro as well as between themselves (Alderman, 2011, ‘Europe’s Challenge: Fostering Growth Amid Austerity’). Answer to Question 2 According to the concept of uncovered interest rate parity (UIP), the difference between the rates of returns on domestic and foreign bonds must be equal to the expected change in the rate of exchange

Mark Twain used his writings to condemn hypocrisy because he feels Essay

Mark Twain used his writings to condemn hypocrisy because he feels that people should be able to tell the truth at all times.How - Essay Example In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s last statement that, â€Å"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before.† (Twain 569). Twain was trying to show the experience of Huck with Aunt Sally. Huck tries to explain that he has been enlightened before people of his age and this could be due to the fact that Huck started learning to be ‘sivilized’ at a tender age. ‘Territory’ in this context could be said to mean ‘the Indian territory’, hence, Huck’s first sentence could be said to mean that he had wanted to be independent before people of his age. Huck’s next statement that ‘because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before’ was used by Huck to kick against his adoption by Aunt Sally as he knows tha t Sally is someone that would try to instill some societal values and norms in him and he has had this experience before and this is something that he did not enjoy in any way. Huck’s experience with the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson were actually the ‘sivilizing’ experience he had as she tried to reform Huck and make sure that he conformed to the societal rules and order.